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Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
What is hypertension?
Hypertension means elevated blood pressure.
What causes hypertension?
Hypertension can be caused by various factors in babies, including problems with the brain, kidneys, or blood vessels. In many babies, no cause for the hypertension can be found.
How do we diagnose hypertension?
Blood pressure measurements are taken frequently on babies in the NICU. Blood pressure readings can be measured with a blood pressure cuff or a catheter placed in an artery. Normal blood pressure ranges are defined for each size baby. Those with elevated blood pressures might have a diagnosis of hypertension.
How do we treat infants with hypertension?
Although it is not uncommon to be unable to find a reason for the hypertension, it is important to try to determine the cause so the treatment can be appropriate. Tests on the urine and sonograms of the brain and kidneys are often performed. Usually, medicines can be given to the baby to help lower the blood pressure. Many babies might require a short course of medicine before the blood pressure normalizes, while some are on medicines for a prolonged period.
What are the long-term effects associated with hypertension?
If not treated, hypertension can cause injury to the brain, kidneys, and/or heart. Some babies are discharged on blood pressure medicines and might be followed up by the nephrologist.
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